Engine / Transmission
How does the engine start and run?
Start it cold if you can. Listen at idle with the bonnet open.
Starts easily, runs smooth and quiet
Slight noise or vibration
Rough idle, hard starting or a clear knock
Smoke from the exhaust or a heavy knock
Not sure
Any oil or coolant leaking?
Look under the car where it was parked, and around the engine.
Dry, no leaks
Light seepage, no drips
Active leak or drips on the ground
Not sure
Has the engine been opened or overhauled?
Sellers often say "seal to seal" when it has never been opened.
No, never opened
Yes, overhauled or rebuilt
Not sure
How does the gearbox shift?
On the test drive: every gear, up and down.
Smooth in every gear
An occasional jerk or a hard shift
Slipping, grinding or a warning light
Not sure
Exterior & Body
How many body panels have been repainted?
How to check
Doors, fenders, bonnet, boot lid and bumpers. Roof and pillars come next.
None. Total genuine paint
1–2 panels touched up
3–5 panels repainted
6 or more, or the whole car (shower)
Not sure
Roof, pillars, chassis rails and boot floor: any repaint or repair?
How to check
These are the car's frame. Work here usually follows a serious accident, not a scratch.
No, all original
Repainted, no sign of metal repair
Welded, straightened or replaced
Not sure
Any accident history?
How to check
Ask the seller directly. For imported cars, the auction sheet records repairs.
No, non-accidental
Minor: a bumper or panel only, no airbags
Major: airbags deployed, or front or rear structure repaired
Not sure
Dents and scratches?
How to check
Walk round the car in daylight. Sizes: thumb, palm, elbow.
Nothing worth mentioning
A few thumb-sized marks
Several marks, some palm-sized
Many marks, or elbow-sized dents
Not sure
Rust, glass and lights?
How to check
Check the sills, wheel arches, windscreen and headlight lenses.
No rust, clear glass and lights
A surface rust spot or a small windscreen chip
Rust bubbling under the paint, or a cracked light
Rust holes, or a cracked windscreen
Not sure
Interior
Seats, dashboard and roof lining?
Sit in every seat; check the dashboard top and the roof lining above the doors.
Like new
Normal wear, clean
Torn seats, faded or cracked dashboard, stains
Badly damaged or very worn
Not sure
Suspension / Steering
Over bumps, any knocking — or does it pull to one side?
Drive over a speed breaker slowly, then let go of the wheel briefly on a straight road.
Quiet, and it drives straight
A light rattle over bumps
A clear knock, or it pulls to one side
Heavy knocking or loose steering
Not sure
Brakes
How do the brakes feel?
On the test drive, brake firmly from about 40 km/h on an empty road.
Firm, stops straight, no noise
Some squeal, or a slightly soft pedal
Grinding, pulls when braking, or ABS light on
Not sure
Tyres
How much tread is left on the tyres?
A coin in the groove: if you can see the whole rim of the coin, the tread is low.
New or nearly new
About half worn
Mostly worn, due for replacement
Bald, cracked or mismatched
Not sure
AC / Heater
Does the AC cool properly?
Run it on full for five minutes with the engine idling.
Chilled, strong air throw
Cools, but weakly
Not working
Not sure
Electrical & Electronics
Warning lights, windows, lights and locks?
With the engine running, check the dashboard for lights that stay on.
No warning lights, everything works
One minor item not working
A warning light stays on, or several items fail
Several warning lights or major electrical faults
Not sure